Linux系统中，用户的关键信息被存放在系统的/etc/passwd文件中，系统的每一个合法用户账号对应于该文件中的一行记录,可以通过命令sudo cat /etc/passwd来查看此类信息。每行记录定义了每个用户账号的属性。下面是一个passwd文件的示例(部分摘录)：
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
… …
从中可以看到每一行用户记录的各个数据块用“：”分隔，共有七段，分别定义了用户的各方面属性，各个字段的顺序和含义如下：
注册名：口令：用户标识号：组标识号：用户信息：用户主目录：命令解释程序
(1)注册名(login_name)：用于区分不同的用户且唯一存在，字母大小写是敏感
(2)口令(passwd)：系统用口令来验证用户的合法性。超级用户root或某些高级用户可以使用系统命令passwd来更改系统中所有用户的口令，普通用户也可以在登录系统后使用passwd命令来更改自己的口令,此数据块一般显示为X.此外，需要注意的是，如果passwd字段中的第一个字符是 “*”的话，那么，就表示该账号被查封了，系统不允许持有该账号的用户登录。
(3)用户标识号(UID)：UID是一个数值，是Linux系统中惟一的用户标识，用于区别不同的用户。在Linux系统中，注册名和UID都可以用于标识用户，只不过对于系统来说UID更为重要；而对于用户来说注册名使用起来更方便。在某些特定目的下，系统中可以存在多个拥有不同注册名、但UID相同的用户，事实上，这些使用不同注册名的用户实际上是同一个用户。
(4)组标识号(GID)：工作组标识。具有相似属性的多个用户可以被分配到同一个组内，每个组都有自己的组名，且以自己的组标识号相区分。像UID一样，用户的组标识号也存放在passwd文件中。用户可以同时属于多个组。除了在 passwd文件中指定其归属的基本组之外，还在/etc/group文件中指明一个组所包含用户。
(5)用户信息(user_name)：包含有关用户的一些信息，如用户的真实姓名、办公室地址、联系电话等
(6)用户主目录(home_directory)：该字段定义了个人用户的主目录，当用户登录后，他的Shell将把该目录作为用户的工作目录。
(7)命令解释程序(Shell)：Shell是当用户登录系统时运行的程序名称，通常是一个Shell程序的全路径名，如/bin/bash。
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